Beta blocker

Deng Beta blockers (neng misan misusulat bilang β-blocker) metung lang pinduan a panulu a gagamitan da kareng miyayaliwang signus, dapot lalung lalu na keng pamanalan o pamangasiwa keng cardiac arrhythmia ampong pamaningat keng pusu kaibat ning myocardial infarction. Inya iti ing mumunang pamanulu keng matas a prisyun o hypertension, deng karelang agagawa mebawas a alaga inyang Juniu 2006 ning United Kingdom keng pang-apat a gulis a nung nu ela mabisa kalupa da reng aliwang panulu, lalu da kareng mangatuang atin erectile dysfunction ampong manalas a pitaklan, ampong darakal ing katibayan na deng maralas a magagamit a beta-blockers lalunglaluna deng piayabe kareng thiazide-a pinduan a diuretics a maging sangkan ing mikaka type 2 diabetes la.^[1]

Ing Propranolol iya ing mumunang diling clinically a gamitan a beta adrenergic receptor antagonist. Inimbentu neng Sir James W. Black, iti elilan na ing pamangasiwa keng pamanulu keng angina pectoris ampong iti ing pekamaulagang ambag keng clinical a pamanulu ampong keng pharmacology ngening pang20ng dilanua.^[2]

Deng Beta blockers malyari la naman idaleraya bilang beta-adrenergic pangsabagal a agenti, beta-adrenergic panglaban, o kaya beta panglaban.

Pharmacology

Deng Beta blockers sasabatan na ing gawa ning endogenous catecholamines (epinephrine (adrenaline) ampong norepinephrine (noradrenaline) lalu na ing mismung ), keng β-adrenergic receptors, dake ning sympathetic nervous system nung nu iti ing mamagitan keng "laban o mamakong" pakibat.

Atin atlung kebaluan a pinduan da reng receptor, mitulduan bilang β₁, β₂ ampong β₃. β₁-Deng adrenergic receptors keraklan atiu la keng pusu ampong batu. β₂-Deng adrenergic receptors atiu la keraklan keng baga, bituka, ate, palaanakan vascular smooth muscle, ampong kalamnan keng bungu. β₃-Deng receptors atiu la kareng taba da reng cells.

Deng alimbawa da reng beta-blockers abe la reng : Sectral, Zebeta, Brevibloc, Inderal, Tenormine, Normodyne, Coreg, ampong Lopressor

β-Receptor panglaban

Ustung mayayapis la reng β₁ receptors kareng epinephrine iti maginduce lang positive chronotropic ampong inotropic a uyab keng pusu ampong dadakalan na ing cardiac conduction velocity ampong automaticity. Ing mayayapis a β₁ receptors keng batu lulual la reng renin. Ing pangayapis da reng β₂ receptors mipapainawa lang reng smooth muscle (ing uyab na ing vasodilation ampong bronchodilation (pamamuklat da reng broncho), iti mikakagalgal keng kalamnan keng bungu, ampong darakal ing glycogenolysis keng ate ampong kalamnan keng bungu. Ing pamanapis ning β₃ receptors maging lipolysis.

Deng Beta blockers sasabatan nala dening normal epinephrine-mediated sympathetic a gawa, dapot ditak mu ing uyab kareng makapainawa. Nung nu babawasan na ing uyab keng pangabigla/sikan a pamagpilit keng kabug ning pusu, ampong king kayang pangapisil, pangabuklat da reng uyat, ampong pamamuklat da reng bronchi, ampong pangaritak ning galgal ampong pamaglaso keng glycogen.

β₂-Selective agents

Butaxamine (weak α-adrenergic agonist activity)

Side Effects / Kabulasan katataulian

Mababang prisyun a daya
Mabagal a pitig ning pusu
Epamandagus ning daya
kelan tudtud
Pamagpalya ning pusu
Asthma
Sobrang kalungkutan
Kelan libi o pamanalakad
Kaibug manyuka
Sakit buntuk
Malilyu
Pamamulikat

Uauangis a impormasyun

Pharmacological a pamialiwa

Deng agents a atin intrinsic sympathomimetic action (ISA)
- Acebutolol, carteolol, celiprolol, mepindolol, oxprenolol, pindolol
Deng agents a atin masdakal a aqueous solubility
- Atenolol, celiprolol, nadolol, sotalol
Deng agents a a atin membrane stabilising pamangimut
- Acebutolol, betaxolol, pindolol, propranolol
Deng agents atin antioxidant a uyab
- Carvedilol
- Nebivolol

Pawagang pamialiwa

Deng Agents a mismung indicasyun para (pamagpalya ning pusu)cardiac arrhythmia
- Esmolol, sotalol
Deng Agents a mismung indicasyun para (pamagbara at pamagpalya ning pusu)[[congestive heart failure
- Bisoprolol, carvedilol, sustained-release metoprolol, nebivolol
Deng Agents a mismung indicasyun para (sakit keng mata)glaucoma
- Betaxolol, carteolol, levobunolol, metipranolol, timolol
Deng Agents a mismung indicasyun para myocardial infarction
- Atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol
Deng Agents a mismung indicasyun para (sobrang sakit ning buntuk)migraine prophylaxis
- Timolol, propranolol

Ing Propranolol iya kabud a agenti a indicasyun para panglaban keng tremor, portal hypertension ampong esophageal variceal a pamandaya, ampong keng pamangamit kambe ning α-blocker a pamanulu keng [phaeochromocytoma]].^[3]

dalerayan

Katzung, Bertram G. (2004). Basic & clinical pharmacology, 9th edition, New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 130, table 9-3. ISBN 0-07-144097-6.

Suglung Palual

Better Playing Through Chemistry by Blair Tindall, New York Times, October 17, 2004. (Discussing the use of beta-blockers among professional musicians.)
Musicians using beta blockers by Blair Tindall. Condensed version of above article.
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↑ Sheetal Ladva (28/06/2006). NICE and BHS launch updated hypertension guideline. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Retrieved on 2006-09-30.
↑ Melanie Patricia Stapleton (1997). Sir James Black and Propranolol. Texas Heart Institute Journal. Archived from the original on 2006-09-04. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Rossi

[ref1-1] Sheetal Ladva (28/06/2006). NICE and BHS launch updated hypertension guideline. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Retrieved on 2006-09-30.

[propranolol-2] Melanie Patricia Stapleton (1997). Sir James Black and Propranolol. Texas Heart Institute Journal. Archived from the original on 2006-09-04. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.

[Rossi-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Rossi

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