Tala da reng bangsa agpang king kontinenti

Ini ing tala da reng bangsa na ning yatu agpang king kontinenti, ampo ring pambangsang bandila at tungku. Ing talang ni atin yang:

Sovereign states (maka-bold la reng lagyu da reng bangsa), consisting of:
- The member states of the United Nations (UN).
- A UN-recognized non-member state: Vatican City.
- A state not recognized by the UN and most of its members, but currently with de facto international relations with most countries: the Republic of China.
Two territories de facto not independent but recognized by many countries as sovereign (country names in bold italics): the Palestinian territories and Western Sahara.
Dependent territories, including the overseas departments of France and the special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China (country names in italics).

However, this list does not contain de facto independent states that are generally unrecognized.

For a detailed discussion of how the world is divided into continents, see the article Continent.

King talang ini, maka-klasipika la reng bangsa agpang king United Nations Statistics Division [1]. Some countries are considered transcontinental, using either purely geographical or political and historical criteria. For other proposed divisions of countries into continents, see the section Other definitions of continents.

Africa

– Algiers
– Luanda
– Porto-Novo (seat of government at Cotonou)
– Gaborone
– Ouagadougou
– Bujumbura
– Yaoundé
– Praia
– Bangui
– N'Djamena
– Moroni
(also known as Congo-Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire) – Kinshasa
(also known as Congo-Brazzaville) – Brazzaville
(commonly known as Ivory Coast) – Yamoussoukro (seat of government at Abidjan)
– Djibouti
– Cairo
– Malabo
– Asmara
– Addis Ababa
– Libreville
– Banjul
– Accra
– Conakry
– Bissau
– Nairobi
– Maseru
– Monrovia
– Tripoli
– Antananarivo
– Lilongwe
– Bamako
– Nouakchott
– Port Louis
(overseas territory of France) – Mamoudzou
– Rabat
– Maputo
– Windhoek
– Niamey
– Abuja
(overseas department of France) – Saint-Denis
– Kigali
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – Jamestown
– São Tomé
Senegal – Dakar
– Victoria
– Freetown
– Mogadishu
– Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)
– Khartoum
– Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative)
– Dodoma (seat of government at Dar es Salaam)
– Lomé
– Tunis
– Kampala
– El Aaiún (unofficial)
– Lusaka
– Harare

Eurasia

Asia

– Kabul
– Yerevan
– Baku
– Manama
– Dhaka
– Thimphu
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom)
– Bandar Seri Begawan
– Phnom Penh
– Beijing
(commonly known as Taiwan) – Taipei
(overseas territory of Australia)
(overseas territory of Australia)
– Nicosia
– Tbilisi
(special administrative region of the People's Republic of China)
– New Delhi
– Jakarta
– Tehran
– Baghdad
– Jerusalem
– Tokyo
– Amman
– Astana
(commonly known as North Korea) – Pyongyang
(commonly known as South Korea) – Seoul
– Kuwait City
– Bishkek
– Vientiane
– Beirut
(special administrative region of the People's Republic of China)
– Kuala Lumpur (seat of government at Putrajaya)
– Malé
– Ulaanbaatar
(formerly known as Burma) – Naypyidaw
– Kathmandu
– Muscat
– Islamabad
(collectively the territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip)
– Manila
– Doha
Saudia Arabia – Riyadh
– Singapore (city-state)
– Sri Jayawardenepura
– Damascus
– Dushanbe
– Bangkok
(commonly known as Aslagang Timor) – Dili
– Ankara
– Ashgabat
– Abu Dhabi
– Tashkent
– Hanoi
– Sana'a

Europe

– Tirana
– Andorra la Vella
– Vienna
– Minsk
– Brussels
– Sarajevo
– Sofia
– Zagreb
– Prague
– Copenhagen
– Tallinn
(overseas territory of Denmark) – Tórshavn
– Helsinki
– Paris
– Berlin
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – Gibraltar
– Athens
(British crown dependency) – Saint Peter Port
– Budapest
– Reykjavík
– Dublin
(British crown dependency) – Douglas
– Rome
(British crown dependency) – Saint Helier
– Riga
– Vaduz
– Vilnius
– Luxembourg
– Skopje
– Valletta
– Chişinău
– Monaco (city-state)
– Podgorica
– Amsterdam (seat of government at The Hague)
– Oslo
– Warsaw
– Lisbon
– Bucharest
– Moscow
– San Marino
– Belgrade
– Bratislava
– Ljubljana
– Madrid
– Stockholm
– Berne
– Kiev
– London
– Vatican City (city-state)

America

Pangulung Amerika

(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – The Valley
– Saint John's
(overseas country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands) – Oranjestad
– Nassau
– Bridgetown
– Belmopan
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – Hamilton
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – Road Town
– Ottawa
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – George Town
(overseas territory of France)
– San José
– Havana
– Roseau
– Santo Domingo
– San Salvador
(overseas territory of Denmark) – Nuuk
– Saint George's
(overseas department of France) – Basse-Terre
– Guatemala City
– Port-au-Prince
– Tegucigalpa
– Kingston
(overseas department of France) – Fort-de-France
– Mexico City
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – Plymouth (seat of government at Brades)
(overseas territory of the United States)
(overseas country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands) – Willemstad
– Managua
– Panama City
(overseas territory of the United States) – San Juan
(overseas territory of France) – Gustavia
– Basseterre
– Castries
(overseas territory of France) – Marigot the best of the Caribbean
(overseas territory of France) – Saint-Pierre
– Kingstown
– Port of Spain
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – Cockburn Town
– Washington, D.C.
(overseas territory of the United States) – Charlotte Amalie

Mauling Amerika

– Buenos Aires
– Sucre (seat of government at La Paz)
– Brasília
– Santiago
– Bogotá
– Quito
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – Stanley
(overseas department of France) – Cayenne
– Georgetown
– Asunción
– Lima
– Paramaribo
– Montevideo
– Caracas

Oceania

Oceania is a geopolitical region, rather than a continent, consisting of many countries in the Pacific Ocean, including those in the continent of Australia and the Pacific Islands.

(overseas territory of the United States) – Pago Pago (seat of government at Fagatogo)
– Canberra
(overseas territory of the United States)
(territory in free association with New Zealand) – Avarua
– Suva
(overseas territory of France) – Papeete
(overseas territory of the United States) – Hagåtña
(overseas territory of the United States)
(overseas territory of the United States)
(overseas territory of the United States)
(overseas territory of the United States)
– South Tarawa
– Majuro
– Palikir
(overseas territory of the United States)
– no official capital (seat of government at Yaren)
(overseas territory of France) – Nouméa
– Wellington
(territory in free association with New Zealand) – Alofi
(overseas territory of Australia) – Kingston
(overseas territory of the United States) – Saipan
– Melekeok
(overseas territory of the United States)
– Port Moresby
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) – Adamstown
– Apia
– Honiara
(overseas territory of New Zealand) – no official capital (each atoll has its own administrative centre)
– Nuku'alofa
– Funafuti
– Port Vila
(overseas territory of the United States)
(overseas territory of France) – Mata-Utu

Antarctica

Antarctica, including all territorial claims by sovereign states, is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60°S. Several dependent territories include sub-Antarctic islands north of 60°S.

(overseas territory of Norway)
(overseas territory of France)
(overseas territory of Australia)
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom)

Other definitions of continents

This section lists the proposed divisions of countries into continents that differ from the UN definition as stated above.

Dibisyon Politikal

This section lists countries that can be classified into another continent using political and historical criteria.

Politically European countries

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia and Turkey are often considered European countries since they have close political and historical ties with Europe (e.g., they are members of the Council of Europe), and their territories are either partly in Europe or in the vicinity of Europe, depending on the definition of the geographical boundaries between Europe and Asia.

Israel may be considered a European country since it has closer political ties with Europe than with Asia, but this is very rare since the political ties are not particularly close, and its territory is in mainland Asia.

The overseas departments of France, i.e., French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion, are sometimes considered European territories since they are integral parts of France and also parts of the European Union.

Note that Russia is generally considered a European country more than an Asian country, since most of its population and its capital city are in Europe, and it has close political and historical ties with Europe, even though most of its territory is in Asia. Among the federal districts of Russia, four are in Europe (Central, Southern, Northwestern and Volga), while three are in Asia (Far Eastern, Siberian and Urals).

Deng aliwa pa

The following countries are sometimes considered parts of another continent since they have close political or historical ties with another country in that continent, and their territories are in the vicinity of that continent:

British Indian Ocean Territory: Africa (instead of Asia, since it was historically part of Mauritius).
Christmas Island: Oceania (instead of Asia, since it is a dependent territory of Australia).
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: Oceania (instead of Asia, since it is a dependent territory of Australia).
Greenland: Europe (instead of North America, since it is a dependent territory of Denmark).
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: South America (instead of sub-Antarctic territory, since it is administered from the Falkland Islands).

Dibisyon Heograpiku

This section lists the divisions of countries into continents using purely geographical criteria.

Deng angganan ning Aprika

For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries of Africa, see here.

Suez Canal

Considering the Suez Canal as a boundary between Africa and Asia, the following change from the UN definition occurs:

Egypt: Africa, west of the Suez Canal; to the east, Asia.

Continental shelf of Africa

Considering the continental shelf of Africa, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

French Southern Territories: sub-Antarctic territory; Îles Éparses (Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island and Tromelin Island) in Africa.
Italy: Europe; Pantelleria and Pelagie Islands in Africa.
Malta: Africa.
Portugal: Europe (including the Azores); Madeira in Africa.
Spain: Europe; Canary Islands and the plazas de soberanía in Africa (most of the plazas de soberanía, including Ceuta and Melilla, are in mainland Africa).
Yemen: Asia; Socotra in Africa.

Boundaries between Asia and Europe

For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries between Asia and Europe, see here.

Dayat Marmara ampo Turkish Straits

Considering the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits (the Bosporus and the Dardanelles) as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following change from the UN definition occurs:

Turkey: Asia, east and south of Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits; to the west and north, Europe.

Deng depinisyon ning Ural

Considering the Ural definition that follows the watershed of the Ural Mountains, and then the Ural River until the Caspian Sea, as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Kazakhstan: Asia, east of the Ural River; to the west, Europe.
Russia: Europe, west and north of the Ural Mountains watershed and the Ural River; to the east and south, Asia.

Considering the Ural definition that follows the watershed of the Ural Mountains, and then the Ural River until it reaches Kazakhstan's border for the first time, and then the Or River and the Emba River, as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Kazakhstan: Asia, east of the Or River and the Emba River; to the west, Europe.
Russia: Europe, west of the Ural Mountains watershed and the Ural River (until it reaches Kazakhstan's border for the first time); to the east, Asia.

Deng depinisyon ning Caucasus

Considering the Caucasus definition that follows the watershed of the Greater Caucasus of the Caucasus Mountains as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Azerbaijan: Asia, south of the Greater Caucasus watershed; to the north, Europe (very small area).
Georgia: Asia, south of the Greater Caucasus watershed; to the north, Europe (very small area).
Russia: Europe, north of the Greater Caucasus watershed; to the south, Asia (very small area).

Considering the Caucasus definition that follows the Meso-Caucaso, marked by the Rioni River and the Kura River (from Tbilisi on), as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Azerbaijan: Asia, south of the Kura River; to the north, Europe.
Georgia: Asia, south of the Rioni River and the Kura River (from Tbilisi on); to the north, Europe.

Considering the Caucasus definition that follows the Kuma-Manych Depression, marked by the Kuma River and the Manych River, as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following change from the UN definition occurs:

Russia: Europe, north of the Kuma River and the Manych River; to the south, Asia.

Though very rare, considering the Caucasus definition that follows the watershed of the Lesser Caucasus of the Caucasus Mountains as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Armenia: Europe; isolated spots in the south in Asia.
Azerbaijan: Europe; isolated spots in the south in Asia.
Georgia: Europe; isolated spots in the south in Asia.
Turkey: Asia; isolated spots in the northeast in Europe.

Russian Waterways definition

Though very rare, instead of considering the Ural and Caucasus definitions, considering the Russian Waterways definition that follows the fluvial connections between the Black Sea and the White Sea through a series of canals and rivers (notably the Northern Dvina, the Volga River and the Don River) as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following change from the UN definition occurs:

Russia: Europe, west of these waterways; to the east, Asia.

Continental shelfs of Asia and Europe

Considering the continental shelfs of Asia and Europe, the following change from the UN definition occurs:

Greece: Europe (including Crete, Ionian Islands, Cyclades and near mainland Greek islands); Aegean Islands, Dodecanese and nearby islands in Asia.

Boundaries between Eurasia and America

For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries between Eurasia and America, see here.

Continental shelfs of Eurasia and America

Considering the continental shelfs of Eurasia and America, the following change from the UN definition occurs:

United States: North America; Near Islands and St. Lawrence Island in Asia.

Boundaries between North and South America

For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries between North and South America, see here.

Panama Canal

Considering the Panama Canal as a boundary between North and South America, the following change from the UN definition occurs:

Panama: North America, north of the Panama Canal; to the south, South America.

Continental shelfs of North and South America

Considering the continental shelfs of North and South America, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Aruba: South America.
Colombia: South America; San Andrés and Providencia Islands in North America.
Netherlands Antilles: North America; Curaçao and Bonaire in South America.
Trinidad and Tobago: South America.
Venezuela: South America; Isla Aves in North America.

Deng Angganan ning Oceania

For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries of Oceania, see here.

Asia-Australasia divisions

Considering the Asia-Australasia division that follows the anthropologic Melanesian Line as a boundary between Asia and Oceania, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Indonesia: Asia (including Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Sumba and Flores); Maluku, Buru, Seram, Timor and New Guinea in Oceania.
Aslagang Timor: Oceania.

Considering the Asia-Australasia division that follows the zoologic Wallace Line as a boundary between Asia and Oceania, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Indonesia: Asia (including Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali); Sulawesi, Sumba, Flores, Maluku, Buru, Seram, Timor and New Guinea in Oceania.
Aslagang Timor: Oceania.

Though very rare, considering the Malay Archipelago as being part of Oceania, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Brunei: Oceania.
Indonesia: Oceania.
Malaysia: Asia; Labuan, Sarawak and Sabah in Oceania.
Philippines: Oceania.
Singapore: Oceania.
Aslagang Timor: Oceania.

Kapuluang Pasipiku

Considering all Pacific Islands as being part of Oceania, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Chile: South America; Easter Island and Sala y Gómez in Oceania.
Japan: Asia; Bird Islands (Okinotorishima and Minamitorishima) in Oceania.
United States: North America; Hawaii in Oceania.

Deng Angganan ning Antarctica

For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries of Antarctica, see here.

Sub-Antarctic islands

Considering sub-Antarctic islands north of 60°S which are fully integrated with its country, the following changes from the UN definition occur:

Australia: Oceania; Macquarie Island, sub-Antarctic territory.
New Zealand: Oceania; New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands (Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Islands and Snares Islands), sub-Antarctic territory.
South Africa: Africa; Prince Edward Islands, sub-Antarctic territory.

Lawen ya murin

Definition of continents

Continent
Continental shelf
Transcontinental country
Geography by continent:
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- North America
- South America
- Oceania
- Antarctica