Sistema ning pamamau

Ing sistema ning pamamau o olfactory system ya pin ing a gagamitan king bau. Deng accessory olfactory system senses pheromones. Keraklan, piyayabe re ing sistema ning pamamau ampo sistema ning pamanlasa (gustatory system) at awsan do reting chemosensory senses uling pareu dong ta-transduce o lilikas deng sinyal a chemical (chemical signals) keng perception. Sinambut ya i [[Linda B. Buck]] ampo i Richard Axel ketang 2004 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] uli na ning obra ra tungkul king sistema ning pamamau.

Ing kayang pangabalangkas (anatomy)

Bibilugan de reng mapilan a myayaliwang dake ning utak ing sistema ning pamamau. Oyni ing listaan da reng mapilan a dake ning utak a maki kaugnayan kaniti:

• Kilwal ning utak
  • Olfactory epithelium (in the nasal cavity)
  • Vomeronasal organ
  • Olfactory nerve
• Kilub ning utak
  • Olfactory bulb
  • Piriform cortex
  • Amygdala
  • Entorhinal cortex

Gamit (function)

Atin yang mapilan a dapat o obrang kaylangang gawan ing sistema ning pamamau:

• Ilarawan ya itang bau
• Pakibalwan nung makananu ya karakal o kasikan (concentration) ing bau
• Kilalanan ya ing bayung bau karetang baung sadya na king paligid
• Kilalanan ya itang bau nanuman ing sikan o karakal (concentration) na niti
• Iparis ya o itulid ing bau ketang atatandanan nang uri o kabalduga’na niti

Ba nong agawa reng eganaganang obrang deti, dakal lang dake ning utak deng gagamitan ning sistema ning pamamau. Malyari lang ma-encode deng pamilarawan (representations) ning bau king lugal (mangabaldugan ya ketang bau ing metung a pattern da reng cellula nerviosa (neuron) king leparan ning metung a olfactory region); panaun (mangabaldugan ya ketang bau ing metung a pattern da reng action potential da reng dakal a neuron), o metung a pamiyabe o kombinasyun da reng adwa. Mipagdibati la pa reng siyentipiku nung keraklan temporal (king panaun) o spatial (king lugal o karinan) ya ing odor code.

Asisingut do reng mammal deng odorant kapamilata’nng arung, nung nukarin la tatagkil king olfactory epithelium. Ta- transduce (lilikas) do reng olfactory receptor neuron king olfactory epithelium deng kauryan ning molecule da reng odorant kareng sinyal a electrical, a dadalan king olfactory nerve papunta king olfactory bulb. Milulupung-lupung la king olfactory bulb deng fibras nerviosas (axon) ibat kareng olfactory sensory neuron bang bumilug tela-buknul a awsan dang [[glomerulus (olfaction)|glomerulus]]. Kilub ning glomerulus, mitatagkil la reng fibra nerviosa o axon kareng dendrite da reng [[:en:mitral cell|mitral cell]] at aliwa plang uring celula. Paparla do reng mitral cell deng karelang fibra nerviosa o axon kareng mapilan a dake ning utak, alimbawa king piriform cortex, king medial amygdala, ampo king [[entorhinal cortex]].

Mapalyaring ing piriform cortex ing dakeng maki maragul diling kaugnayan king bau. Maki kaugnayan ya ing medial kareng gagawang social o pamakiugnayan kareng aliwang animal, amti ing pamisiping (mating) at pamangilala kareng aliwang animal a kalupa da species. Tungkul naman king memorya o pamanandanan ing obra ning entorhinal cortex. Panigaralan da pa at pisasabyan king ciencia ing eksaktung obra da reng mangatas a lugal ning utak a reti.

Kabaldugan para king pamanulu

Malyaring yang mika diperensya ing sistema ning pamamau kapamilata’ning traumatic a pangasugat ning utak, [[:en:cancer|cancer\\, pamanyingut king asuk a makalasun, o neurodegenerative diseases (sakit a makasira king sistema nerviosa) anti king Parkinson's disease ampng Alzheimer's disease. Malyari lang maging sangkan ning anosmia deng kabilyan a reti.