Paraluman

Ing paraluman (compass o mariner's compass king Ingles) metung yang kasangkapan king pamaglayag (navigational instrument) bang abalu ing nangan o direksiun king Yatu. Atin yang pánurung (pointer) magnetized o mebatubalani a timawang tumulid king magnetic field ning Yatu, at maragul yang saup king pamaglayag. Keraklan, makamarka la king lupa ning paraluman deng mamuntukan a nangan (cardinal directions o cardinal points) ning pangulu, mauli, aslagan ampong albugan. Maragul ing paniulung a miliari king kalakal king kadayatmalatan uli ning paraluman, uling meging mas ligtas ampong mas malagua ing pamaglakbe. Maliari yang gamitan ing paraluman ba yang carculan ing heading o direksiun/nangan a pupuntalan. Nung gamitan yang kayabe ya ing metung a sextant, maliari neng ibie ing latitude, at nung maki marine chronometer, ing longitude. Uli na niti, minasensu ing pamaglayag, dapot ngening bayu-bayu pamu, miyalilan ne kareng makabayung kasangkapan, anti ing gyrocompass ampo ing Global Positioning System (GPS).

Lon la murin deti

Notes

Dalerayan

Admiralty, Great Britain (1915) Admiralty manual of navigation, 1914, Chapter XXV: "The Magnetic Compass (continued): the analysis and correction of the deviation", London : HMSO, 525 p.
Aczel, Amir D. (2001) The Riddle of the Compass: The Invention that Changed the World, 1st Ed., New York : Harcourt, ISBN 0-15-600753-3
Carlson, John B. (1975) "Lodestone Compass: Chinese or Olmec Primacy?: Multidisciplinary analysis of an Olmec hematite artifact from San Lorenzo, Veracruz, Mexico”, Science, 189 (4205 : 5 September), p. 753-760, DOI 10.1126/science.189.4205.753
Gies, Frances and Gies, Joseph (1994) Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Age, New York : HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-016590-1
Gurney, Alan (2004) Compass: A Story of Exploration and Innovation, London : Norton, ISBN 0-393-32713-2
King, David A. (1983), "The Astronomy of the Mamluks", Isis 74 (4): 531-555
Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973) "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass", Technology and Culture, 14 (3: July), p. 367–383
Lane, Frederic C. (1963) "The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass", The American Historical Review, 68 (3: April), p. 605–617
Li Shu-hua (1954) "Origine de la Boussole 11. Aimant et Boussole", Isis, 45 (2: July), p. 175–196
Ludwig, Karl-Heinz and Schmidtchen, Volker (1997) Metalle und Macht: 1000 bis 1600, Propyläen Technikgeschichte, Berlin : Propyläen-Verl., ISBN 3-549-05633-8
Ma, Huan (1997) Ying-yai sheng-lan [The overall survey of the ocean's shores (1433)], Feng, Ch'eng-chün (ed.) and Mills, J.V.G. (transl.), Bangkok : White Lotus Press, ISBN 974-8496-78-3
Needham, Joseph (1986) Science and civilisation in China, Vol. 4: "Physics and physical technology", Pt. 1: "Physics", Taipei: Caves Books, originally publ. by Cambridge University Press (1962), ISBN 0-521-05802-3
Needham, Joseph and Ronan, Colin A. (1986) The shorter Science and civilisation in China : an abridgement of Joseph Needham's original text, Vol. 3, Chapter 1: "Magnetism and Electricity", Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-25272-5
Taylor, E.G.R. (1951) "The South-Pointing Needle", Imago Mundi, 8, p. 1–7
Temple, Robert. (1986). The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. With a forward by Joseph Needham. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-671-62028-2.
Williams, J.E.D. (1992) From Sails to Satellites: the origin and development of navigational science, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-856387-6
Zhou, Daguan (2007) The customs of Cambodia, translated into English from the French version by Paul Pelliot of Zhou's Chinese original by J. Gilman d'Arcy Paul, Phnom Penh : Indochina Books, prev publ. by Bangkok : Siam Society (1993), ISBN 974-8298-25-6

Suglung palual

USGS Geomagnetism Program
Science Friday, "The Riddle of the Compass Archived Juniu 18, 2006 at the Wayback Machine" (interview with Amir Aczel, first broadcast on NPR on May 31, 2002).
Paul J. Gans, The Medieval Technology Pages: Compass Archived Disyembri 16, 2003 at the Wayback Machine
The Tides By Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
Evening Lecture To The British Association At The Southampton Meeting on Friday, August 25, 1882 [1]. Refers to compass correction by Fourier series.
Arrick Robots. Robotics.com Example implementation for digital solid-state compass. ARobot Digital Compass App Note Archived Juliu 13, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
How a tilt sensor works. David Pheifer [2]
The Gear Junkie Archived Abril 29, 2009 at the Wayback Machine - review of two orienteering thumb compasses
The good compass video - A video about important abilities a compass should have
The Internet Compass Museum gives comprehensive information about all sorts of compasses and how to use them.
Beware: The Brief History of the Bezard compass (1852 – 1971) on the Knowfuture Archived Marsu 4, 2016 at the Wayback Machine site is a hoax. There is no such village in France. A Jewish family Bézard never existed. The Bezard compass was created by Johann von Bézard, an Austrian Colonel of French Huguenot origin and built by the LUFFT company in Germany whose factory was in Stuttgart. The BASF chemical company is situated on the river Rhine in Ludwigshafen. The whole story is beautiful but unfortunately untrue. Reliable information can be found on the following private sites:
- Der Bézard-Kompaß Archived Setyembri 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine (German)
- La Original Bezard... Template:It.
Compass collector : rare old compasses (Bézard)!
The virtual compass museum - the greatest collection of compasses Archived Disyembri 12, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Geography fieldwork
Travel Island

Template:Flight instruments