Espanyol (amanu)
Ing Espanyol o Kastila (Castila, Español), metung yang amanung Romansi a menibat king dake nang pangulu ning Espanya. Iti ing opisyal a yamanu ning Espanya ampo ning keraklan da reng bansa king Amerika Latina, amo ning Equatorial Guinea king Aprika. Miras lang adwang pulu’t limang bansa ampong teritoryu deng gagamit king Kastila antimong manimunang amanu. Bukud kaniti, maulaga yang amanu kareng dakal pang lugal.
Migumpisa ya ing Kastila antimong diyalektu ning Latin kareng mangalawut a salapungan kareng lalawigan ning Kantabriya, Burgos, Soria and La Rioja king pangulu ning Espanya. Manibat karin, bagya-bagya yang mikalat kilub ning Kayariyan ning Kastilya (Castilia, Castille), nung nu ya miyalkus (evolved) at king lambatan, meging manimunang amanu ning kapamahalan ampo ning kalakal. Midala ya king America at aliwa pang dake ning yatu karing tauling limang siglu (dilanwa) kapamilatan da reng kolonista ampong talapaglakbeng Espanyol.
Miraras lang atlung dalan a milyun adwang pulu’t adwang miliun (400,000,000) anggang apat a ralan a milyun deng magsalitang king amanung iti.[13][7]. Uli na niti, iti ing maragul diling amanung Romansi, at mapalyaring ing kadwang pekamaragul a yamanu agpang king bilang da reng tubung mangamanu. Ing tantya ra, nung piyabe la reng tubu ampong e tubung magsalita, miras lang limang dalang milyun deti. Uli na niti, mapalyaring ing Espanyol ing kapat a pekamaragul a yamanu agpang king pangkabilugan a bilang da reng talasalita.[13][7]
Metung ya kareng anam a opisyal a amanu king pamipalakad ning Misasanmetung a Bansa (United Nations). Dakal lang dili reng magsalita kaniti king Pangulung America, Mauling America, Espanya, at king mas malating bilang king Aprika ampong Asya-Pasipiku. Ing Espanyol murin ing kadwang pekamaragul a yamanu king America[14], nung nu iti murin ing popular diling dayung amanu (foreign language) a panigaralan da kareng pipagaralan ampong universidad [15][16]
Pamitinduk-tinduk (Classification)
mag-editMalapit yang dili ing Kastila kareng aliwang amanung Romance a Albugang Iberiku: Asturyanu (asturianu), Galyegu (galego), Ladinu (Djudeo-espanyol, sefardí), and Portuges (português), at, kareng mapilang aspetu, king Aragones (aragonés) ampong Katalan (català).
Ing Katalan, metung a amanung Aslagang Iberiku (East Iberian), mas malapit ya ketang kasiping nang amanung Oksitanu (occitan) kesa king pamikamaganak da reng Kastila (Espanyol) ampong Portuges. Miwawangis la garalita (gramatica) deng Kastila ampong Portuges, pati na ing keraklan da reng karelang amanu o bokabularyu, at metung a kasalesayan, particular king impluensiya ning Arabu, anyang sinakup deng Muslim ing keraklan ning peninsula (pareu lang melaganap kareng teritoriung Muslim deng adwa). Tatantyan dang 89% ing karelang pamiyawig. [17]
Ing Ladino naman, a keraklan ing Castila ketang panaun a medieval (Edad Media, Middle Ages o Kalibudtang Panaun), at mas malapit king makabayung Kastila o Espanyol kesa king sanu pa mang amanu, gagamitan de reng lahi da reng Judiung Sephardic, a mitabi king Espanya ketang kalabing limang siglu o dilanwa (15th century). Agpang karing dakal nang katindukan, e ya aliwang amanu nun e metung ya mung diyalektu ning Kastila. Ala lu king Ladino deng katayang ibat kareng tubu king Amerika (Indian o native American) a mikalat ketang panaun ning kolonyalismu. Atin yang kataya ibat king Turku, Ebreu at aliwa pang amanu da reng lugal nung nu la menuknangan deng Sephardi.
Ding daleráyan
mag-edit- ↑ Ethlogue-Spanish-language
- ↑ Encarta-Most Spoken languages. Archived from the original on 2007-03-04. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
- ↑ Ciberamerica-Castellano. Archived from the original on 2008-01-04. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
- ↑ El Nuevo Diario
- ↑ Terra Noticias
- ↑ Universidad de México
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Instituto Cervantes ("El Mundo" news)
- ↑ Archive copy. Archived from the original on 2009-01-26. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
- ↑ Languages of the world by Ethnologue
- ↑ Most widely spoken languges by Nations Online
- ↑ Most spoken languages by Ask Men
- ↑ Encarta Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People. Archived from the original on 2007-03-04. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Universidad de México
- ↑ CIA The World Factbook United States. Archived from the original on 2006-11-01. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
- ↑ United States Census BureauPDF (1.86 MiB), Statistical Abstract of the United States: page 47: Table 47: Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2003
- ↑ Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher LearningPDF (129 KiB), MLA Fall 2002.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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