Acanthaceae
| Acanthaceae | ||||||||||
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 Deng sampaga ning Odontonema cuspidatum
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| Type genus | ||||||||||
| Acanthus L. | ||||||||||
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Ing familiang Acanthaceae metung yang taxon da reng tanaman a maniampaga a maki alus 250 genera ampong manga 2500 species.
Keraklan kareti, dikut la kareng mangapaling lugal (tropical herbs), palungpung (shrubs), o tanaman a kukulate (vines); epiphytes la reng aliwa. Ditak la mu deng species a mayayakit kareng mangarimlang (temperate) a lugal. Apat la reng sentrung panibatan da reti: Indonesia ampong Malaysia, Africa, Brasil ampong Kalibudtang America (Central America). Ating miembru ning familiang iti king alus balang uri ning kapaligiran, kayabe la reng kakeuan, gubat o pulu, makapal man o ali, kareng labuad da reng puliung dutung ampong tanaman (scrubland), kareng mabasang marangle ampong kapatagan o lambak (valleys), king bebe dayatmalat, king mismung dayatmalat, kareng pinak (swamps), ampo kareng kakeuan a bakauan (mangrove).
Deng tanaman king familiang iti maki bulung lang simpli, misusumangid (opposite), decussate, at maki gilid a entire (o kaya sometimes toothed, lobed, or spiny). Maliari lang mika cystolith deng bulung, o maliaring atin lang lulual a calcium carbonate, a lalto antimong gulis king babo ning bulung. Den namang sampaga, maliari lang ganap (perfect), zygomorphic o alus actinomorphic, at makasamasan lang antimong spike, raceme, o cyme. Keraklan, ating makuleng bract king lalam ning sampaga, at kareng mapilang species, maragul ya ampong kapansin-pansin ing bract. Maki apat ya anggang limang lobe ing calyx; ing corolla mala-tubo (tubular) ya, at 2-lipped or 5-lobed; deng stamen, adua la o apat, at paris-paris la pangasamasan at makasulut king corolla. Ing ovary superior ya, 2-carpellate, at maki axile placentation. Ing bunga, capsule yang maki aduang espasiu (two-celled), at balamu mamakbung ya potang mibubusni. Kareng keraklan kareng species, makatuglung la reng bini o butul king malating tangkeng maki kalait (metung a miyalilan bagiang funiculus a ausan dang jaculator) a magpalual karela king lulanan o capsule.
Ing Acanthus mollis or Bear's breeches, metung yang uri o species a pikabaluan kareng mananaman kareng mangarimlang lugal. Metung yang maladikut (herbaceous) a tanaman a perennial a maki mangaragul a bulung ampong flower spike a maki tas a miraras aduang metru. Kayabe no man kareng genus kareng mangapaling lugal a kilala da reng mananaman deng Thunbergia ampong Justicia.
Ing Avicennia, metung yang genus da reng dutung a bakauan, a keraklan bibili da king Verbenaceae o king sarili nang familia, ing Avicenniaceae. Yabe ne ning Angiosperm Phylogeny Group king Acanthaceae uling kareng pamagaral a molecular phylogenetic a magpatuneng maki kaugnayan ya king familiang iti.
Deng mepiling genus
Ating 246 a matatanggap a genus agpang king Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
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Larawan
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Ing bulung ning Acanthaceae "Nerve Plant", Fittonia verschaffeltii -
Chinese Violet (Asystasia gangetica) -
Peristrophe speciosa -
Dalerayan
- Schwarzbach, Andrea E. and McDade, Lucinda A. (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships of the mangrove family Avicenniaceae based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences". Systematic Botany 27: 84–98.
Suglung palual
- Acanthaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
- Tree of Life Acanthaceae