ΕΤΑ
Ing ETA (Basque: [eta], Pangayagkas a Castila: [ˈeta]), metung a acronym para king Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque pronunciation: [eus̺kadi ta as̺katas̺una]; "Balayan ampong Katimawang Vasco o Basque"[Basque Homeland and Freedom]) metung a armadung separatistang agumang Vasco a makabalen o nasyonalista. Mitátag ya ing grupu anyang 1959, at manibat kanita, migbayu ya manibat king metung a grupung mágtaguyud king mana o tradisyunal a kulturang Vasco paras king grupung mala-militar a maki kapagnasan a manikwang katimawan para king Labwad a Vasco o Basque Country (Pais Vasco king Castila).[4][5] Ing ETA ing pekamayulagang aguman ning Pangimut a Pangkatimawang Makabalen a Vasco (Basque National Liberation Movement) at ya ing pekamaulagang kayabe king kagulwan a Vasco (Basque conflict). Mibulalag yang pamituknang akbung (ceasefire) ing ETA anyang 1989, 1996, 1998 ampong 2006, oneng lebagan na la. Nanupata, mibulalag yang bayung pamituknang akbung ing ETA anyang 5 Setiembre 2010 [6] at mimiral ya pa murin – bukud kaniti, anyang 20 Octubre 2011, pepawaga ne ning ETA ing "ganap a pamituknang ning kayang aktibidad a armadu" (definitive cessation of its armed activity).[7]
| Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) | |
|---|---|
| Kayabe king Basque conflict | |
| Aktibu | 31 July 1959 – tiknang na ing kayang armadung aktibidad anyang 20 Octubre 2011 |
| Pekapun | Zuba |
| Headquarters | Balayang Vasco ampong Paris |
| Lugal ning pamipalakad |
Atyu keraklan king Espana, Francia, ampong aliwang bangsa king Europa. |
| Sikanan | 200 a aktibung kayanib anyang 2011 ampong ~400 a talasuporta anyang 2010[1][2][3] |
| Kalaban |  Kapamahlan ning España Kapamahalan ning Francia
|
Ing kasebyan na o motto ning ETA, Bietan jarrai ("Makiyagnan ka kareng adwa") ya, at iti makapatungkul ya kareng adwang pigura a atyu king kayang sagisag, metung a ubingan (a mangabaldugang politika) a makakalikat king palakul (a mangabaldugang armadung pamakipagkal [armed struggle]).[8][9][10]
Manibat anyang 1968, mekapate neng 829 katau ing ETA, mekapanasakit neng libu-libu, at mekasamsam ne o mekakidnap pilang dosena.[11][12][13][14] Babawal de deng autoridad ning Espania ampong Francia ing grupu antimong aguman a terorista [15], ampo ing kabilugan ning European Union,[16] ampo ing Estados Unidos.[17] Iting pamangamit tutukyan de reng maragul diling bilang da reng mediang pangkilub ampong panglwal, a ing aus da murin king grupu, "terorista".[18][19][20][21] Maygit lang pitung dalan (700) kareng kayanib ning aguman deng makakulung king Espania, Francia, at aliwang bangsa.[22]
Lon ya murin
Dalerayan
- Pangkabilugan (General)
- Ining artikulu likas ya ibat king katulid a artikulu king Castilang Wikipedia a milikas kapamilatan ning Ingles a Wikipedia.
- Enric Martinez-Herrera, "National Extremism and Outcomes of State Policies in the Basque Country, 1979–2001"PDF (119 KiB,) minunang milimbag king International Journal on Multicultural Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2002.
- Makabukud (Specific)
- ↑ "Los últimos 202 de la lista de ETA". Retrieved on 12 April 2011.
- ↑ EE UU confirma que Nicaragua y Cuba también acogen a etarras. larazon.es (6 Agosto 2010). Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved on 1 Noviembre 2010.1
- ↑ Cien terroristas de ETA esperan órdenes en Francia para atentar en España. intereconomia.com (8 August 2010). Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved on 1 Noviembre 2010.
- ↑ (Spanish) Goiz Argi. Goiz Argi. Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ (Spanish) Goiz Argi. Goiz Argi (27 January 2002). Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ Basque separatist group Eta 'declares ceasefire'. BBC News (5 September 2010). Retrieved on 5 September 2010.
- ↑ "Basque group Eta says armed campaign is over", BBC News (20 October 2011). Retrieved on 20 October 2011.
- ↑ Quiosco | El Mundo en ORBYT. Elmundo.es. Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ ETA, una serpiente vacilante. elmundo.es. Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ De patrulla por Vitoria. elmundo.es (24 March 2006). Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ Lista de víctimas mortales (Spanish). Ministerio del Interior. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved on 19 September 2010.
- ↑ Datos significativos del conflicto vasco, 1968–2003 (Spanish). Eusko News (2003). Retrieved on 19 January 2011.
- ↑ ETA has killed 829 people as of 19 January 2011 Archived Setyembri 15, 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Spanish Ministerio del Interior
- ↑ Peace at Last? | People & Places|Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ (Frances) French list of terrorist organizations, in the annex of Chapter XIV
- ↑ EU list of terrorist organizationsPDF (43.6 KB) 29 May 2006
- ↑ Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). Web.archive.org (9 July 2008). Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ "Eta gives terrorists disguise manual", The Independent (15 December 2007). Retrieved on 27 March 2010.
- ↑ Owen, Edward (7 August 2007). "Eta terrorists demand protection money", The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 27 March 2010.
- ↑ Spain's rail ambitions: Ave Madrid. The Economist (5 February 2009). Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ Spanien: Mutmaßliche Eta-Terroristen gefasst – SPIEGEL ONLINE – Nachrichten – Politik. Spiegel.de (2 July 2007). Retrieved on 30 January 2011.
- ↑ (Spanish) La cifra de presos de ETA es la más alta de la última década con 728 encarcelados El Confidencial, 7 January 2008
Suglung palwal
 |
Mapalyaring deng suglung palwal (external links) e la tutuki kareng patakaran na kareng kalamnan o tuntunan ning Wikipedia. Pakisamasan me ining artikulu kapamilatan ning pamaglako kareng sobra o e karapatdapat a suglung. (October 2010) |
- William A. Douglass, The unknown mediator in the Basque peace process of 2006
- The Other Terrorism, City Journal, Spring 2008 Archived Nobyembri 15, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base (ETA)
- Who are Eta? – A BBC profile (including a map of the territory claimed by ETA)
- Text of ETA cease-fire statement Archived Abril 18, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- (Spanish) Fotos del Horror, photos and other documentation of ETA members, attacks, and popular protests against ETA.
- (Spanish) List of ETA attacks
- The Basque Conflict: New Ideas and Prospects for Peace Archived Mayu 10, 2007 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Institute of Peace Special Report, April 2006
- ETA and Spain, according to Amnesty International
- (Spanish) Association for victims of terrorism
- (Spanish) Victims of terrorism foundation
- (Spanish) BastaYa.org, Basque organisation protesting against Basque nationalist violence and threats.
- (Spanish) Freedom foundation Organisation opposed to ETA actions
- (Spanish) Fundación Miguel Ángel Blanco Founded by the family of Miguel Ángel Blanco, a symbolic victim of ETA
- Foro de Ermua Archived Setyembri 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine Organisation created after the killing of Miguel Ángel Blanco
- on FAS Intelligence Resource Program
- (Spanish) A dossierfrom Gara (now in the Wayback Machine) about the prisoner dispersion including of the distribution of ETA prisoners in Spain and France. It defines them as "political prisoners"
- Article on ETA Archived Oktubri 4, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- (Spanish) R. Sola, Benta-Haundi-cruce-caminos-para-historia Benta Haundi, cruce the caminos para la historia Archived Setyembri 27, 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Article in Gara newspaper on the historical events that led to the beginning of ETA's armed actions in 1968 (on the 40th anniversary).
- (Spanish) El Mundo Section in El Mundo newspaper about ETA and its actions
- (English) Etxerat.info Group asking for the repatriation of Basque prisoners to Basque prisons.
- (English) StopTortura.com Association that works against torture in the Basque Country. They collect pictures and material trying to prove that Spanish police engage in torture.