Átomu

Para keng aliwang gamit, lawen ye ing Átomu (disambiguation).

Ing atom ing malating diling dake o parting bibilug king metung a chemical element. Ing atom bibilugan ne ning electron cloud, a maki electron a negative a charge a makapadurut king masiksik (dense) a nucleus. Ining nucleus atin yang proton a maki positive a charge, ampong neutron a neutral a electrically neutral. Nung pante ing bilang da reng proton ampong neutron, electrically neutral ya ing atom. Nu namang ali, metung yang ion, a maki positive o negative a charge. Matitinduk (classified, o mapipitna la agpang king uri) ya ing atom basi king bilang da reng kayang proton ampong neutron: ing bilang da reng proton ing magpasia king chemical element, at ing bilang da naman deng neutron ing magpasia king isotope na nitang element.

Ing atom ning Helium
Ing Helium atom king ground state.
Metung a larawan ning atom ning helium, nung nu ya mayayakit ing nucleus (malare) ampo ing electron cloud distribution (matuling). Ing nucleus (babo wanan) pante ya pangabilug king tutu, oneng e paneng anti kaniti kareng mas komplikadu tabas a nucleus. Metung yang ångström ing matuling a gulis, a katumbas ning 10−10 m o 100,000 fm.
Pamitinduk-tinduk o Klasipikasiun
Pekamalating kikilalanan a dake ning metung a chemical element
Kaurian (Properties)
Mass range: 1.67Template:E to 4.52Template:E g Electric charge: zero (neutral), or ion charge Diameter range: 62 pm (He) to 520 pm (Cs) (data page) Components: Electrons and a compact nucleus of protons and neutrons

Deng minunang filosofo king India ampong Grecia kanitang minunang panaun ing purmerung migmunikala king idea o konseptu nng atom antimong dake ning sangkap (matter) a e na maliaring pitnan. Aniang kalampitu (17th) ampo kalabingwalung siglu o dilanua (18th century), minie lang pisikal a katibayan para kanitang idea kapamilatan ning pamagpaltong e no maliaring pitnan o bangalan pa king paralan a chemical deng mapilang sangkap. Aniang wakas ning kalabingsiam (19th) a siglu ampo ing umpisa ning kaduang pulung siglu, mekatuklas lang dake ampong pangabalangkas kilub ning, at mas malati pa kesa king atom, patudeng e tutung e na maliaring pitnan ing 'atom.' Megamit la reng tuntunan ning quantum mechanics ba yang i-model ing atom. Nung pakilupa tamu king araranasan tamu aldo-aldo, tutu lang mangalatiktik a bage deng atom, a makanian murin kalatiktik a bayat, at maliari la mung panigaralan tunggal-tunggal nung gumamit espesial a kasangkapan antimo king scanning tunneling microscope. Atiu king nucleus ing 99.9% ning timbang ning nucleus, , halus pareu la bayat deng proton ampo reng neutron. Neng masiadu yang dakal o ditak ing bilang da reng neutron nung ikumpara/pakiyanti ya king bilang da reng proton, e matatag o pilmi ing nucleus, at maliaring marapat kaya ing radioactive decay Mag-okupa la o makabili king metung a grupu da reng matatag (stable) a energy level or orbital deng electron a makapadurut king nucleus, at maliari lang malis/lumipat manibat king metung papunta king aliwang estadu o energy level kapamilatan ning pamananggap o pamagpalual photon a katumbas ning pamialiwa da enerhia deng level. Deng electron ing magpasia king kaurian dang chemical (chemical properties) ning metung a element, at maragul ing karelang impluensia king kaurian nang magneticu ning metung a atom.

Lon la murin deti

• Introduction to quantum mechanics
• History of quantum mechanics
• Infinite divisibility
• List of basic chemistry topics

• List of particles
• Nuclear model
• Radioactive isotope
• Transuranium element

Dalerayan

Aklat a dalerayan

• L'Annunziata, Michael F. (2003). Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-436603-1. 
• Beyer, H. F.; Shevelko, V. P. (2003). Introduction to the Physics of Highly Charged Ions. CRC Press. ISBN 0-7503-0481-2. 
• Choppin, Gregory R.; Liljenzin, Jan-Olov; Rydberg, Jan (2001). Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry. Elsevier. ISBN 0-7506-7463-6. 
• Dalton, J. (1808). A New System of Chemical Philosophy, Part 1. London and Manchester: S. Russell. 
• Demtröder, Wolfgang (2002). Atoms, Molecules and Photons: An Introduction to Atomic- Molecular- and Quantum Physics, 1st Edition, Springer. ISBN 3-540-20631-0. 
• Feynman, Richard (1995). Six Easy Pieces. The Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-14-027666-4. 
• Fowles, Grant R. (1989). Introduction to Modern Optics. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-65957-7. 
• Gangopadhyaya, Mrinalkanti (1981). Indian Atomism: History and Sources. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press. ISBN 0-391-02177-X. 
• Goodstein, David L. (2002). States of Matter. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-49506-X. 
• Harrison, Edward Robert (2003). Masks of the Universe: Changing Ideas on the Nature of the Cosmos. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77351-2. 
• Jevremovic, Tatjana (2005). Nuclear Principles in Engineering. Springer. ISBN 0-387-23284-2. 
• Lequeux, James (2005). The Interstellar Medium. Springer. ISBN 3-540-21326-0. 
• Liang, Z.-P.; Haacke, E. M. (1999). in Webster, J. G.: Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PDF), John Wiley & Sons, pp. 412–26. ISBN 0-471-13946-7. Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 
• MacGregor, Malcolm H. (1992). The Enigmatic Electron. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-521833-7. 
• Manuel, Oliver (2001). Origin of Elements in the Solar System: Implications of Post-1957 Observations. Springer. ISBN 0-306-46562-0. 
• Mazo, Robert M. (2002). Brownian Motion: Fluctuations, Dynamics, and Applications. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-851567-7. 
• Mills, Ian; Cvitaš, Tomislav; Homann, Klaus; Kallay, Nikola; Kuchitsu, Kozo (1993). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Commission on Physiochemical Symbols Terminology and Units, Blackwell Scientific Publications. ISBN 0-632-03583-8. 
• Myers, Richard (2003). The Basics of Chemistry. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31664-3. 
• Padilla, Michael J.; Miaoulis, Ioannis; Cyr, Martha (2002). Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Chemical Building Blocks. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.. ISBN 0-13-054091-9. 
• Pauling, Linus (1960). The Nature of the Chemical Bond. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0333-2. 
• Pfeffer, Jeremy I. (2000). Modern Physics: An Introductory Text. Imperial College Press. ISBN 1-86094-250-4. 
• Ponomarev, Leonid Ivanovich (1993). The Quantum Dice. CRC Press. ISBN 0-7503-0251-8. 
• Shultis, J. Kenneth; Faw, Richard E. (2002). Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8247-0834-2. 
• Siegfried, Robert (2002). From Elements to Atoms: A History of Chemical Composition. DIANE. ISBN 0-87169-924-9. 
• Sills, Alan D. (2003). Earth Science the Easy Way. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 0-7641-2146-4. 
• Smirnov, Boris M. (2003). Physics of Atoms and Ions. Springer. ISBN 0-387-95550-X. 
• Teresi, Dick (2003). Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science. Simon & Schuster, 213–214. ISBN 074324379X. 
• Various (2002). in Lide, David R.: Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 88th edition, CRC. ISBN 0849304865. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.  Archived Juliu 24, 2017 at the Wayback Machine
• Woan, Graham (2000). The Cambridge Handbook of Physics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57507-9. 
• Wurtz, Charles Adolphe (1881). The Atomic Theory. New York: D. Appleton and company. 
• Zaider, Marco; Rossi, Harald H. (2001). Radiation Science for Physicians and Public Health Workers. Springer. ISBN 0-306-46403-9. 
• Zumdahl, Steven S. (2002). Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 5th edition, Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-34342-3. Retrieved on 2008-02-05. 

Ding suglung palual

Ing Wikimedia Commons atin yang mediang maki kaugnayan kang/king:

Atom

• Francis, Eden (2002). Atomic Size. Clackamas Community College. Archived from the original on 2007-02-04. Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
• Freudenrich, Craig C. How Atoms Work. How Stuff Works. Archived from the original on 2007-02-04. Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
• Atom:The Atom. Free High School Science Texts: Physics. Wikibooks. Archived from the original on 2006-06-13. Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
• Anonymous (2007). The atom. Science aid+. Retrieved on 2007-01-09.—a guide to the atom for teens.
• Anonymous (January 3, 2006). Atoms and Atomic Structure. BBC. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
• Various (January 3, 2006). Physics 2000, Table of Contents. University of Colorado. Retrieved on 2008-01-11.